Grammar Skills

Exercise #39, Page 334
1. She takes math course every semester. This is difficult.

• Taking a math course every semester is difficult.
• To take math every semester is difficult.
• It is difficult to take math every semester.

2. During the semester, she goes to class every day. This is a good idea.

• Going to class every day is a good idea.
• To go to class every day is a good idea.
• It is a good idea going to class every day.

3. She takes notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board. This is useful.

• Taking notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board is useful.
• To take notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board is useful.
• It is useful to take notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board.

4. She does the homework problems regularly. This takes time.

• Doing the homework problems regularly takes time.
• To do the homework regularly takes time.
• It takes time to do the homework regularly.

5. She turns the homework in every day. This gives her a sense of satisfaction.

• Turning the homework in very day gives her a sense of satisfaction.
• To turn the homework in every day gives her a sense of satisfaction.
• It gives her a sense of satisfaction to turn the homework in every day.

6. She gets good grades. This is the best award.

• Getting good grades is the best award.
• To get good great is the best award.
• It is the best award to get good grades.

Exercise #38, Page 332
1. (both... and) Physics is classified as a physical science. Chemistry is classified as a physical science.

• Both Physics and Chemistry are classified as a physical science.

2. (neither... nor) We cannot classify mathematics as a biological science. We cannot classify psychology as a physical science.

• We cannot classify neither mathematics as a biological science nor psychology as a physical science.

3. (not only... but also) Botany and zoology are normally considered biological sciences. They are generally requirements for a B.S. degree.

• Botany and zoology are not only considered biological sciences but also requirements for a B.S. degree.

4. (either...or) All liberal arts majors have to take two physical science courses. Instead, all liberal arts majors could take two biological science courses.

• All liberal arts majors have to take either two physical science courses or two biological science courses.

5. (not only... but also) In order to graduate, all students in college must take certain required courses. they have to take some electives.

• In order to graduate, all students in college must take not only certain required courses but also some electives.
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Exercise #25, Page 312
1.  For what purpose should you think about your intended major?

•  You should think about your intended major in order to choose a university that is well-qualified and staffed in your major. You should think about your intended major so that you can choose the best university with that major.

 2. For what purpose should you visit universities' Web sites?

• You should visit univeristies' Web sites in order to know about what they offer. You should visit universities' Web sites so that you know the majors they have and its courses.

3. For what purpose should you think about your financial situation?

• You should think about your financial situation in order to choose a university that are fit for your financial situation. You should think about your financial situation so that you know if you can pay it comfortably.

4. For what purpose should you find out about financial aid?

•  You should find out about financial aid in order to get help to enter an university. You should find out about financial aid so that you know how much you'll have.

5. For what purpose should you find out about part-time jobs?

• You should find out about part-time jobs in order to have an extra money for additional things related to the university. You should find out about part-time jobs so that you maintain yourself or help your parents in the expenses as you study.

Exercise #26, Page 314
 1. Biology systematically classifies living things.
Because of:

• I like the study of biology because of its systematic classification of living things.

So:

• Biology systematically classifies living things so I like it.

Thus:

• I like the systematic classification of living things; thus, I like biology.

2. Biology explains the characteristics of living things.
Because of:

• I like biology because of its explanation of the characteristics of living things.

For:

•  I like biology for explaining the characteristics of living things.

Therefore:

• I like the explanation of the characteristics of living thins; therefore, I like biology.

3. Biology explains the interdependence of living things.
So:

• I like the explanation of the interdependence of living things so I like biology.

As a result:

• I love the explanation of the interdependence of living things; as a result, I like biology.

Since:

• I like biology since I like to explain the interdependence of living things.

4. Biology encourages curiosity and research.
Consequently:

• I like biology. Consequently, I encourage curiosity and research.

For this reason:

• I like biology. For this reason, I encourage curiosity and research.

Because:

• I like biology because it encourages curiosity and research.

Exercise #2, Page 229

1. risk
2. key
3. deciding
4. direct
5. found
6. crucial
7.  contributing
8. establish